Dataset Integrity Certificate

Compare two datasets from independent sources measuring the same system — e.g. two protein databases, two code-analysis tools, two connectome studies. Hub-agreement nodes are structurally trusted. Hub shadows (hub in one source but not the other) are boundary cases — discovery candidates or quality gaps.

Tip: certification is meaningful when both datasets share a large fraction of nodes. Comparing unrelated systems (e.g. a protein network vs a software codebase) will produce 0 shared nodes and an UNCERTAIN certificate — technically correct but not useful.